Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Physical Properties, Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Okra-Dhaincha-broccoli Cropping Sequence
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Page 47-59
DOI:
10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2130289
Abstract
A study was conducted at Organic Farming Research Centre of SKUAST -Jammu during 2016 to 2017 to find out the impact of organic manures on soil organic carbon, physical and crop growth parameters Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli cropping sequence. The Soil Organic Carbon was analyzed by Chromic acid wet digestion method. However, in soil physical properties Bulk density was analyzed by Core method, water holding capacity by Keen Rackzowski Method and Infiltration rate by Double Ring Method. In the experiment, soil organic carbon was found non-significant in experiment. Bulk density was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very captivating change was observed as compared to control; T8 as the lowest value treatment with value 1.26 g cm-3 was recorded. Water holding capacity was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very positive change was observed as compared to control as WHC with highest value 43.68% was noted in T8 in 2017. Infiltration rate was also found to be significant in year 2016-17 as very positive change was observed as compared to control. Significant improvement in root volume, root length was observed in Okra and same was noted in size of curd in broccoli as compared to control. The significant impact of organic manures on soil quality parameters will provide a new way to improve the soil health and productivity in a sustainable way.
Keywords:
- Infiltration rate
- organic manures
- root volume
- root length
- soil organic carbon
- size of curd
- water holding capacity
- bulk density.
How to Cite
Vikas, V., Sharma, J. P., Mondal, A. K., Sharma, V., Samanta, A., Chopra, S., Rizvi, S. E. H., Singh, S. K., Sharma, R., & Dhotra, B. (2020). Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Physical Properties, Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Okra-Dhaincha-broccoli Cropping Sequence. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 21(21), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2130289
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Manivannan K, Karthikai Devi G, Thirumaran G, Anantharaman P. Mineral composition of marine macroalge from Mandapam coastal regions; Southeast Coast of India. American-Eurasian Journal of Botany. 2009;2(1):42-51.
Pant Pawan Kumar, Shri Ram, Veer Singh. Yield and soil organic matter dynamics as affected by the long-term use of organic and inorganic fertilizers under rice–wheat cropping system in subtropical mollisols. Agric Res. 2017;6:5-12
Brye KR, Slaton NA, Norman RJ, Savin MC. Short-term effects of poultry litter form and rate on soil bulk density and water content. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2004;35: 23:11-2325.
Katkar RN, Kharche VK, Sonune BA, Wanjari RH, Singh M. Long term effect of nutrient management on soil quality and sustainable productivity under Sorghum-wheat crop sequence in Vertisol of Akola, Maharashtra. Agropedology. 2012;22(2): 103–114.
Datt N, Bharadwaj KKR. Nitrogen contributionand soil improvement by legume green manuring in rice-wheat cropping on an acid clay loam soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 1995;43:603-607.
Maheswarappa HP, Nanjappa HV, Hegde MR. Influence of organic manures on yield of arrow root, soil physico-chemical and biological properties when grown as intercrop in coconut garden. Annals of Agricultural Research. 1999;20(3):318-323.
Bhattacharyya, R., Chandra, S.; Singh, R.; Kundu, S.; Srivastva, A. and Gupta, H. 2007. Long-term farmyard manure application effects on properties of a silty clay loam soil under irrigated wheat-soybean rotation. Soil Till. Res., 94, 386–396.
Baishya LK, Sarker D, Ansari MA, Singh KR, Meitei CB, Prakash N. Effect of micro-nutrients, organic manure and lime on bio-fortified rice production in acid soils of eastern Himalayan region. Ecology, Environment & Conservation 2016;22(1): 199–206.
Prakash HC, Shekara BG, Jagadeesh BR, Kalayanamurthy KN, Shivalingaiah ML. Paddy pulse croppingsystem for sustaining soil health and rice yield in cauverycommand area. Res. Crops. 2008; 9(1):7-9.
Mubarak AR, Omaima ER, Amal AA, Nemat EH. Short-term studies on use of organic amendments for amelioration of a sandy soil. AJAR. 2009; 4(7):621–627.
Nwachukwu MA, Uzu FO. Updated classification of some soil series in southwestern Nigeria &. Niger J Agron. 2008;7:76–81.
Busari MA, Salako FK, Adetunji MT, Bello NJ. Effect of selected soil amendments on physical properties of an alfisol in Abeokuta South-western Nigeria. NJSS. 2009;19(1):93–99
Chen Z. et al. Water-nutrient management enhances root morpho-physiological functioning, phosphorus absorption, transportation and utilization of cotton in arid region. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020;143: 111975
Eusufzai MK, Fujii K. Effect of organic matter amendment on hydraulic and pore characteristics of a clay loam soil. Open J Soil Sci. 2012;02(04):372–381.
Schoebitz M, Vidal G. Microbial consortium and pig slurry to improve chemical properties of degraded soil and nutrient plant uptake. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2016; 16(1):226-236
Mahalakshmi R., Rajan MR. Effect of vermicompost prepared from hotel wastes on growth and production of radish and cowpea. Environment and Ecology. 2007; 25(4):1194-1197.
Kumar S, Maji S, Kumar S, Singh HD. Efficacy of organic manures on growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Japanese White. Inter. J. PlantSci. 2014; 9(1):57-60
Fanish SA. Impact of Green Manure Incorporation on soil properties and crop growth environment: A review. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2017;13: 122–132
Ashraf U, Salim MN, Sher A, Sabir SR, Khan A, Pan G, Tang X. Maize growth, yield formation and water-nitrogen usage in response to varied irrigation and nitrogen supply under semi-arid climate. Turk. J. Field Crops. 2016; 21(1): 87-95.
Brar BS, Singh K, Dheri GS, Kumar B. Carbon sequestration and soil carbon pools in a rice–wheat cropping system: Effect of long-term use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure. Soil Tillage Res. 2013; 128:30–36.
Naturally by Michael Pollan, The New York Times Magazine; 2001.
Piper CS. Soil and Plant Analysis. Inter Science Publications. New York; 1966.
Tripathi R, Nayaka AK, Bhattacharyya P, Shukla AK, Shahid M, Raja R, Panda BB, Mohanty S, Kumar A, Thilagama VK. Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions after 41 years long- term fertilizer experiment in tropical rice–rice system. Geoderma. 2014;213: 280–286
Jarecki MK, Lal R. Crop management for soil carbon sequestration. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2003;22:471–502.
Haynes R, Naidu R. Influence of lime, fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions: A review. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 1998;51:123–137.
Francis Rayns, Anton Rosenfeld. Green manures – effects on soil nutrient management and soil physical and biological properties: Garden Organic. 2010:1-8.
Zhang JC. et al. Research progresson innocuous treatment technology of livestock and poultry manure. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2017;38:85–90.
Hati KM, Swarup A, Dwivedi A, Misra A, Bandyopadhyay K. Changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central india after 28 years of continuous cropping, fertilization and manuring. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2007; 119:127–134.
Shukla M, Lal R, Owens L, Unkefer P. Land use and management impacts on structure andinfiltration characteristics of soils in the north appalachian region of ohio. Soil Sci. 2003; 168:167–177.
Hati K, Swarup A, Singh D, Misra A, Ghosh P. Long-term continuous cropping, fertilisation, and manuring effects on physical properties and organic carbon content of a sandy loam soil. Soil Res. 2006;44:487–495.
Ndiaye B, Molénat J, Hallaire V, Gascuel C, Hamon Y. Effects of agricultural practices on hydraulic properties and water movement in soils in brittany (france). Soil Till. Res. 2007;93: 251–263.
Bhattacharyya R, Chandra S, Singh R, Kundu S, Srivastva A, Gupta H. Long-term farmyard manure application effects on properties of a silty clay loam soil under irrigated wheat-soybean rotation. Soil Till. Res. 2007;94:386–396.
Ghuman B, Sur H. Tillage and residue management effects on soil properties and yields of rainfed maize and wheat in a subhumid subtropical climate. Soil Till. Res. 2001; 58:1–10.
Miller J, Sweetland N, Chang C. Hydrological properties of a clay loam soil after long-term cattle manure application. J. Environ. Qual. 2002;31: 989–996.
Zhang MK, Fang LP. Effect of tillage, fertilizer and green manure cropping on soil quality at an abandoned brick making site. Soil Till. Res. 2007;93: 87–93.
Pernes-Debuyser A, Tessier D. Soil physical properties affected by long-term fertilization. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2004; 55:505–512.
Walkley A, Black CA. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matterand aproposed modification of the chromic acid titration method; 1934.
Gupta C, Dakshinamoorthi RP. Practical in soil physics. IARI, New Delhi; 1981.
Chopra, S.L. and Kanwar, J.S. 1986. Analytical Agricultural Chemistry, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Bouwer H. Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. Physical and mineralogical properties, monograph 9; ASA: Madison, WI, USA; 1986.
Chandrasekaran R, Sankaran N. Influence of ricebased cropping systems on soil health in cauvery delta zoneof Tamil Nadu, Madras Agric. J. 2004;82(3):165-168.
Ranjan B, Prakash Ved, Kundu S, Srivastava AK, Gupta HS. Effect of long-term manuring on soil organic carbon, bulk density and water retention characteristics under soybean-wheat cropping sequence in north-western Himalayas. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 2004; 52(3):238-242.
Zhu L, Hu N, Zhang Z, Xu J, Tao B, Meng Y. Short-term responses of soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index to different annual straw return rates in a rice–wheat cropping system. CATENA. 2015;135:283–289.
Bouldin DR, Klausner SD, Reid WS. Use of N from manure. In: R.D. Harck (ed.), Nitrogen in crop production. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. 1988; 221-248.
Biswas TD, Mukherjee SK. Textbook of soil science. Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi; 1991.
Chaudhary S, Dheri GS, Brar BS. Long-term effects of NPK fertilizers and organic manures on carbon stabilization and management index under rice-wheat cropping system. Soil Tillage Res. 2017; 166:59–66.
Manivannan K, Karthikai Devi G, Thirumaran G, Anantharaman P. Mineral composition of marine macroalge from Mandapam coastal regions; Southeast Coast of India. American-Eurasian Journal of Botany. 2009;2(1):42-51.
Pant Pawan Kumar, Shri Ram, Veer Singh. Yield and soil organic matter dynamics as affected by the long-term use of organic and inorganic fertilizers under rice–wheat cropping system in subtropical mollisols. Agric Res. 2017;6:5-12
Brye KR, Slaton NA, Norman RJ, Savin MC. Short-term effects of poultry litter form and rate on soil bulk density and water content. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2004;35: 23:11-2325.
Katkar RN, Kharche VK, Sonune BA, Wanjari RH, Singh M. Long term effect of nutrient management on soil quality and sustainable productivity under Sorghum-wheat crop sequence in Vertisol of Akola, Maharashtra. Agropedology. 2012;22(2): 103–114.
Datt N, Bharadwaj KKR. Nitrogen contributionand soil improvement by legume green manuring in rice-wheat cropping on an acid clay loam soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 1995;43:603-607.
Maheswarappa HP, Nanjappa HV, Hegde MR. Influence of organic manures on yield of arrow root, soil physico-chemical and biological properties when grown as intercrop in coconut garden. Annals of Agricultural Research. 1999;20(3):318-323.
Bhattacharyya, R., Chandra, S.; Singh, R.; Kundu, S.; Srivastva, A. and Gupta, H. 2007. Long-term farmyard manure application effects on properties of a silty clay loam soil under irrigated wheat-soybean rotation. Soil Till. Res., 94, 386–396.
Baishya LK, Sarker D, Ansari MA, Singh KR, Meitei CB, Prakash N. Effect of micro-nutrients, organic manure and lime on bio-fortified rice production in acid soils of eastern Himalayan region. Ecology, Environment & Conservation 2016;22(1): 199–206.
Prakash HC, Shekara BG, Jagadeesh BR, Kalayanamurthy KN, Shivalingaiah ML. Paddy pulse croppingsystem for sustaining soil health and rice yield in cauverycommand area. Res. Crops. 2008; 9(1):7-9.
Mubarak AR, Omaima ER, Amal AA, Nemat EH. Short-term studies on use of organic amendments for amelioration of a sandy soil. AJAR. 2009; 4(7):621–627.
Nwachukwu MA, Uzu FO. Updated classification of some soil series in southwestern Nigeria &. Niger J Agron. 2008;7:76–81.
Busari MA, Salako FK, Adetunji MT, Bello NJ. Effect of selected soil amendments on physical properties of an alfisol in Abeokuta South-western Nigeria. NJSS. 2009;19(1):93–99
Chen Z. et al. Water-nutrient management enhances root morpho-physiological functioning, phosphorus absorption, transportation and utilization of cotton in arid region. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020;143: 111975
Eusufzai MK, Fujii K. Effect of organic matter amendment on hydraulic and pore characteristics of a clay loam soil. Open J Soil Sci. 2012;02(04):372–381.
Schoebitz M, Vidal G. Microbial consortium and pig slurry to improve chemical properties of degraded soil and nutrient plant uptake. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2016; 16(1):226-236
Mahalakshmi R., Rajan MR. Effect of vermicompost prepared from hotel wastes on growth and production of radish and cowpea. Environment and Ecology. 2007; 25(4):1194-1197.
Kumar S, Maji S, Kumar S, Singh HD. Efficacy of organic manures on growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Japanese White. Inter. J. PlantSci. 2014; 9(1):57-60
Fanish SA. Impact of Green Manure Incorporation on soil properties and crop growth environment: A review. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2017;13: 122–132
Ashraf U, Salim MN, Sher A, Sabir SR, Khan A, Pan G, Tang X. Maize growth, yield formation and water-nitrogen usage in response to varied irrigation and nitrogen supply under semi-arid climate. Turk. J. Field Crops. 2016; 21(1): 87-95.
Brar BS, Singh K, Dheri GS, Kumar B. Carbon sequestration and soil carbon pools in a rice–wheat cropping system: Effect of long-term use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure. Soil Tillage Res. 2013; 128:30–36.
Naturally by Michael Pollan, The New York Times Magazine; 2001.
Piper CS. Soil and Plant Analysis. Inter Science Publications. New York; 1966.
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