Assessment and Health Risks of Glyphosate Residues and Traces Metals Elements in Groundwater Arround Abidjan Region, Côte d’Ivoire
Béa Gouanda Thibaut *
Laboratoire de Constitution et de Réaction de la Matière (LCRM), Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’ivoire.
Ouffoué Koffi Sébastien
Laboratoire de Constitution et de Réaction de la Matière (LCRM), Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’ivoire and Centre Ivoirien Antipollution (CIAPOL), Abidjan, 04 BP 451 Abidjan 04, Côte d’ivoire.
Yapo Ossey Bernard
Centre Ivoirien Antipollution (CIAPOL), Abidjan, 04 BP 451 Abidjan 04, Côte d’ivoire and Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Côte d'Ivoire.
Ouattara Lassiné
Laboratoire de Constitution et de Réaction de la Matière (LCRM), Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’ivoire.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Hydraulic networks from groundwater are the resources most exploited by the population for their daily needs. These water tables are constantly under pressure from pollution caused by human activities. In the tropical zone, more particularly in Ivory Coast, very few studies have been carried out on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), glufosinate and metallic trace elements (ETM) in groundwater. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability of groundwater by these compounds. The study covered the waters of thirteen boreholes with an average depth of 69.26 meters near the Abidjan region (5°25'0" N / 4°1'60" W ) and the analyzes were carried out using the chromatographic method with detection by spectrophotometry. The results revealed the presence of glyphosate in all the samples analyzed at average concentrations of: 0.12±0.02 µg/L (minimum) and 1.9 ±0.1 µg/L (maximum), all higher than the water potability threshold value (0.1 µg/L) defined by the WHO. As for ETM, they are present in these boreholes at high concentrations of: 39±2 µg/L (As), 130±3 µg/L (Pb), 80±1 µg/L (Cu), 73±3 µg /L (Ni), 200±3 µg/L (Zn) at FILTISSAC, 20±2 µg/L (Cr) at Vridi and 21000 ±200 µg/L (S) in the Koumassi borehole. The health risk linked to the consumption of groundwater by the population, according to the mathematical calculation model used, is not acceptable. This study deserves to be conducted throughout the national territory.
Keywords: ETM, glyphosate, chromatographic method with detection by spectrophotometry, mathematical model, groundwater pollution, health risks